Interleukin-10-819 promoter polymorphism in association with gastric cancer risk

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Potential functional allele T/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of Interleukin 10 (IL-10) promoter -819 (rs1800871) has been implicated in gastric cancer risk. We aimed to explore the role of T/C SNP of IL-10 -819 in the susceptibility to gastric cancer through a systematic review and meta-analysis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Each initially included article was scored for quality appraisal. Desirable data were extracted and registered into databases. 11 studies were ultimately eligible for the meta-analysis of IL-10 -819 T/C SNP. We adopted the most probably appropriate genetic model (recessive model). Potential sources of heterogeneity were sought out via subgroup and sensitivity analyses, and publication biases were estimated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>IL-10 -819 TT genotype is associated with the overall reduced gastric cancer risk among Asians and even apparently observed among high quality subgroup Asians. IL-10-819 TT genotype is not statistically associated with the overall reduced gastric cancer susceptibility in persons with <it>H. pylori </it>infection compared with controls without <it>H. pylori </it>infection. IL-10 -819 TT genotype is reversely associated with diffuse-subtype risk but not in intestinal-subtype risk. IL-10 -819 TT genotype is not reversely associated with non-cardia or cardia subtype gastric cancer susceptibility.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>IL-10 -819 TT genotype seems to be more protective from gastric cancer in Asians. Whether IL-10 -819 TT genotype may be protective from gastric cancer susceptibility in persons infected with <it>H. pylori </it>or in diffuse-subtype cancer needs further exploring in the future well-designed high quality studies among different ethnicity populations. Direct sequencing should be more used in the future.</p

Eagle-YOLO : An Eagle-Inspired YOLO for Object Detection in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Scenarios

Funding Information: This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China OF FUNDER grant number 41471333, 61304199. This research was funded by Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology OF FUNDER grant number 2021Y4019, 2020D002, 2020L3014, 2019I0019. This research was funded by Fujian University of Technology OF FUNDER grant number KF-J21012. This research was funded by Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program OF FUNDER grant number JCYJ20220530160408019. This research was funded by Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province OF FUNDER grant number 2023A1515011915. This research was funded by the Key Research and Development Project of Hunan Province of China OF FUNDER grant number 2022GK2020. This research was funded by Hunan Natural Science Foundation of China OF FUNDER grant number 2022JJ30171. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Inhibition of yes-associated protein suppresses brain metastasis of human lung adenocarcinoma in a murine model.

Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a main mediator of the Hippo pathway and promotes cancer development and progression in human lung cancer. We sought to determine whether inhibition of YAP suppresses metastasis of human lung adenocarcinoma in a murine model. We found that metastatic NSCLC cell lines H2030-BrM3(K-rasG12C mutation) and PC9-BrM3 (EGFRΔexon19 mutation) had a significantly decreased p-YAP(S127)/YAP ratio compared to parental H2030 (K-rasG12C mutation) and PC9 (EGFRΔexon19 mutation) cells (P&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;.05). H2030-BrM3 cells had significantly increased YAP mRNA and expression of Hippo downstream genes CTGF and CYR61 compared to parental H2030 cells (P&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;.05). Inhibition of YAP by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly decreased mRNA expression in downstream genes CTGF and CYR61 in H2030-BrM3 cells (P&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;.05). In addition, inhibiting YAP by YAP shRNA significantly decreased migration and invasion abilities of H2030-BrM3 cells (P&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;.05). We are first to show that mice inoculated with YAP shRNA-transfected H2030-BrM3 cells had significantly decreased metastatic tumour burden and survived longer than control mice (P&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;.05). Collectively, our results suggest that YAP plays an important role in promoting lung adenocarcinoma brain metastasis and that direct inhibition of YAP by shRNA suppresses H2030-BrM3 cell brain metastasis in a murine model

Experimental Infection of Rabbits with Rabbit and Genotypes 1 and 4 Hepatitis E Viruses

Background: A recent study provided evidence that farmed rabbits in China harbor a novel hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype. Although the rabbit HEV isolate had 77-79% nucleotide identity to the mammalian HEV genotypes 1 to 4, their genomic organization is very similar. Since rabbits are used widely experimentally, including as models of infection, we investigated whether they constitute an appropriate animal model for human HEV infection.Methods: Forty-two SPF rabbits were divided randomly into eleven groups and inoculated with six different isolates of rabbit HEV, two different doses of a second-passage rabbit HEV, and with genotype 1 and 4 HEV. Sera and feces were collected weekly after inoculation. HEV antigen, RNA, antibody and alanine aminotransferase in sera and HEV RNA in feces were detected. The liver samples were collected during necropsy subject to histopathological examination.Findings: Rabbits inoculated with rabbit HEV became infected with HEV, with viremia, fecal virus shedding and high serum levels of viral antigens, and developed hepatitis, with elevation of the liver enzyme, ALT. The severity of disease corresponded to the infectious dose (genome equivalents), with the most severe hepatic disease caused by strain GDC54-18. However, only two of nine rabbits infected with HEV genotype 4, and none infected with genotype 1, developed hepatitis although six of nine rabbits inoculated with the genotype 1 HEV and in all rabbits inoculated with the genotype 4 HEV seroconverted to be positive for anti-HEV IgG antibody by 14 weeks post-inoculation.Conclusions: These data indicate that rabbits are an appropriate model for rabbit HEV infection but are not likely to be useful for the study of human HEV. The rabbit HEV infection of rabbits may provide an appropriate parallel animal model to study HEV pathogenesis

Trichodesmium around Australia: A view from space

Responsible for half of the ocean's nitrogen input through nitrogen fixation, the saltwater cyanobacterium Trichodesmium is ubiquitous in global tropical and subtropical oceans but particularly abundant around Australia. However, although the earliest report goes back to the 18th century, the knowledge of where and when large quantities of Trichodesmium can be found around Australia is still incomplete. Based on satellite imagery and deep learning, we quantified relative abundance of Trichodesmium around Australia for the period of 2012–2021. Surface aggregations of Trichodesmium were found almost everywhere except the southern coast, with a cumulative footprint exceeding 4.6 million km2. Strong seasonality was found, with peak months between September and November. The spatial distributions and seasonality were found to correlate well with water temperature, iron-rich dust from Australian desert, and black carbon aerosols from frequent bushfires. With the projected ocean warming in the coming century, Trichodesmium may expand further south, making the cumulative footprint even larger

Prevalence of prediabetes by the fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c screening criteria among the children and adolescents of Shenzhen, China

BackgroundPrediabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. Rare research in China has evaluated the prevalence of prediabetes among children and adolescents using the HbA1c criterion or the combined FPG-or-HbA1c diagnostic criterion, and researchers paid no attention to the distributions of blood glucose in Shenzhen, especially for juveniles.MethodsWe conducted a school-based cross-sectional study based on the first-year students from 17 primary, middle, and high schools. Prediabetes was defined as FPG of 5.6–6.9 mmol/L or HbA1c of 5.7%–6.4%. The crude and standardized prevalence of prediabetes with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was estimated.ResultsA total of 7519 participants, aged 6 to 17 years, were included. For all subjects, the crude prevalence (95% CI) of prediabetes was 1.49% (1.21–1.77), 8.72% (8.08–9.36), and 9.80% (9.13–10.47) by the FPG-only, HbA1c-only, and FPG-or-HbA1c criteria, respectively. Based on the 2010 Shenzhen census population, the standardized prevalence was 1.56% (males 1.85%, females 1.19%), 11.05% (males 11.47%, females 10.53%), and 12.19% (males 13.01%, females 11.15%) by the corresponding criteria. The proportion of prediabetes was higher for males than females, and the prevalence decreased with grade for males but increased for females. The association of BMI and prediabetes was U-shaped curve, indicating higher rates of prediabetes for underweight and obesity people.ConclusionThe blood glucose status of children and adolescents in Shenzhen is worrisome, and the early detection and management of prediabetes are imperative

When does atomic resolution plan view imaging of surfaces work?

Surface structures that are different from the corresponding bulk, reconstructions, are exceedingly difficult to characterize with most experimental methods. Scanning tunneling microscopy, the workhorse for imaging complex surface structures of metals and semiconductors, is not as effective for oxides and other insulating materials. This paper details the use of transmission electron microscopy plan view imaging in conjunction with image processing for solving complex surface structures. We address the issue of extracting the surface structure from a weak signal with a large bulk contribution. This method requires the sample to be thin enough for kinematical assumptions to be valid. The analysis was performed on two sets of data, c(6×2) on the (100) surface and (3×3) on the (111) surface of SrTiO3, and was unsuccessful in the latter due to the thickness of the sample and a lack of inversion symmetry. The limits and the functionality of this method are discussed

Gene-Gene Interactions Contributing To Asthma Susceptibility, An Exploration Using Uk Biobank Dataset

Background: Previous studies have attempted to identify gene-gene interactions for asthma. However, most of these studies suffered from lack of replication or insufficient statistical power. In this study, we aimed to explore the gene-gene interactions affecting asthma susceptibility and tried to replicate the results. Both the discovery and replication datasets were nested in UK Biobank data. Methods: Nested case-control design was used. In the discovery analysis (N= 306,859, cases = 35,483, controls = 271,376), Univariate genome-wide association analysis was performed to prioritize loci for the interaction analysis. Pairwise search for epistasis was conducted among 5,389 SNPs. Replication of the top interactions was then conducted (N = 40,945, cases = 5,623, controls = 35,322). Results: Two interactions met statistical significance (rs1496042 x rs6674451, rs10793149 x rs1939469) after Bonferroni correction. In the replication analysis, one of the interactions detected (rs10793149 x rs1939469) achieved statistical significance. Both interactions showed consistent effect size and direction in the replication dataset. Conclusion: In this study, we identified two interactions associated with asthma susceptibility and successfully replicated one of them. In the interaction that replicated, rs1939469 is located in or near EMSY, which has previously been reported associated with asthma. This result provided suggestive evidence that the interaction detected has possible biological mechanisms behind it